Johannesburg is not just an economic powerhouse but also a treasure trove of cultural heritage. From its rich mining history to the vibrant stories of its diverse communities, the City of Gold boasts several heritage sites that reflect its complex past. Here are some must-visit heritage sites in Johannesburg that reflect the city's rich history and cultural diversity.
The Apartheid Museum tells the story of how the human spirit triumphed over adversity and oppression. It guides one through the apartheid era and the rise of black consciousness, and culminates with the release of Nelson Mandela through powerful exhibits, photographs, and film. Every South African, and visitor to South Africa, should visit this museum at least once to understand what our nation has been through and why our current achievements mean so much more.
Apartheid Museum, Johannesburg
Outside the museum are Seven Pillars representing the values of the South African Constitution: democracy, diversity, equality, reconciliation, responsibility, freedom and respect. The entrance for whites and non-whites is separate as it was in the apartheid era, and one enters through the entrance specified on one’s ticket.
There are documentaries about the apartheid era, tributes to those who lost their lives during the struggle, and other interesting exhibits like the Casspir, a four-wheel drive armoured vehicle which was used to transport troops and terrorise protesters during apartheid.
The Casspir
Constitution Hill
Constitution Hill was originally built as a fort under Paul Kruger, but became notorious as a prison during the apartheid era. Some of the famous prisoners who were incarcerated there include Nelson and Winnie Mandela, Mahatma Gandhi and Fatima Meer.
This former prison complex now houses the Constitutional Court of South Africa. Visitors can explore the old prison cells, learn about the country's legal evolution, and appreciate the importance of the Constitution in promoting human rights. The site is a powerful symbol of the transition from oppression to democracy.
Mandela House Museum, Soweto
Soweto, an abbreviation for South Western Townships, is one of the most significant areas in South Africa's history. A tour of Soweto can take you past the Hector Pieterson Memorial, which commemorates the 1976 Soweto Uprising, and the former home of Nelson Mandela, now a museum. The vibrant street life and local eateries offer a taste of contemporary South African culture.
Mandela House in Vilakazi Street, Soweto, was Nelson Mandela’s house from 1946 until he was sentenced to life imprisonment in 1964. The house preserves the history and legacy of the Mandela Family. Vilakazi Street is the only street in the world where two Nobel Peace Prize laureates have lived.
The Origins Centre at WITS University (my Alma Mater) is home to an extensive collection of palaeo-anthropological and archaeological materials, including rock art and fossils, many of which were found in The Cradle of Humankind. It contains many hands-on interactive exhibits. The high-vaulted Tapestry Room, with its exquisitely handcrafted hanging panels depicts the life of the San people in beautiful art and is a must-see.
James Hall Museum of Transport
The James Hall Museum of Transport is the largest and most comprehensive museum of land transport in South Africa and was established in 1964. It showcases some of the most interesting and rare land transport vehicles used in the history of Southern Africa.
Liliesleaf Farm, Rivonia
This former farm and the center of the liberation movement is now a museum that tells the story of the African National Congress and its struggle against apartheid. The site is rich in history, and guided tours offer deep insights into the lives of those who fought for freedom. Read more about Liliesleaf Farm.
Old Miners House
The Gold Reef City area celebrates Johannesburg's mining heritage. Visitors can explore the old mines and learn about the city's gold rush origins, which played a crucial role in its development. The theme park here adds a fun twist, making it an engaging outing for families.
The Big Hole of Cullinan
The Cullinan Diamond Mine in Tshwane is the site where some of the world’s most renowned diamonds were found, including the Cullinan I and the Cullinan II which are set in the British Crown Jewels.
Tumulus Building at Maropeng
The Cradle of Humankind World Heritage Site which includes Maropeng and the Sterkfontein Caves encompasses 200 caves holding some of the world’s most valuable fossils, dating back three million years, including "Mrs. Ples" and "Little Foot". It provides a fascinating glimpse into human evolution and our shared ancestry.
Just outside Johannesburg, this UNESCO World Heritage Site is not only significant for its archaeological finds but also for its breathtaking landscapes.
The City Sightseeing Bus will take you to most of Johannesburg's heritage sites and the commentary will keep you entertained. See 11 places to visit with the Johannesburg City Sightseeing Bus.
City Sightseeing Joburg Bus
What are your favourite heritage sites in Johannesburg ?
See more things to do in Johannesburg.
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Sara Essop is a travel blogger and writer based in South Africa. She writes about family travel and experiences around the world. Although she has been to 50 countries thus far, she especially loves showcasing her beautiful country and is a certified South Africa Specialist.
It was lovely meeting you in person! 🙂
Thanks Wenchy. It was great to meet you and your lovely daughter too 🙂